At present, there are still few reports about the effect of grass mulching on organic nutrient composition, soil microbes and soil enzyme activity in orchards. In this study, the Hanfu apple, which has been rapidly developed in northern cold regions in recent years, was studied to study the characteristics of changes in soil organic matter, soil microbial composition and enzyme activity in the grass covered grasslands, and the evolution of soil fertility after orchard grass cover was discussed. Provide theoretical guidance for the formulation of soil management measures in northern apple orchards. The 6-year-old Hanfu apple orchard was used as a test object at the fruit tree practice base of Shenyang Agricultural University. The base anvil was a mountain stator and the anvil was GM256, which had already entered the high yield period. The soil is a neutral clay loam (about pH 6.7). The thickness of the soil layer is about 100cm. The soil is loose and the soil fertility is high, which is suitable for the growth of many kinds of fruit trees.
There are two treatments for grass cover and clear tillage in apple orchards (control with clear tillage). Covering material is soybean straw and rice straw. It is covered every year in mid-April and covered with a thickness of 10 cm. It has been continuously covered for 4 years. In September 2012, soil was taken from 3 different soil layers (10cm, 20cm, 30cm, and 40cm) on the different soil layers (50cm from the tree trunk) and mixed with grass. The quaternary method was used to sample fresh soil through a 100-mesh plastic sieve for the determination of soil microbial biomass. The soil samples were air-dried, ground-ground and sieved for use (for soil physicochemical properties and nutrient composition determination). A part of the dried soil samples were passed through a 20-mesh plastic sieve for the determination of quick-acting N, quick-acting P, quick-acting K, and organic matter content; the remaining air-dried soil samples were passed through a 100-mesh plastic sieve for the determination of total N, total P, and total K contents. Soil organic matter content was measured by a soil tester. The total N, total P, and total K contents of the soil under the grass-covering and clear-tillage treatments decreased as soil depth increased. The contents of total N, total P, and total K in all the deep soil layers covered by grass are higher than that of clear tillage.
The contents of soil N, available P, and quick-acting K in the soil treated with grass mulching and ploughing decreased with increasing soil depth. The content of soil organic matter in the 30-40 cm soil covered with grass was slightly higher than that in the 20-30 cm soil layer. The content of soil organic matter in soil layers decreased with the deepening of soil layers. The contents of soil organic matter, hydrolyzed N, available P, and available K in the grass layer were higher than those in the clear tillage treatment. The content of soil organic matter in 10-20 cm soil layer was higher by 127.52% than that in clear tillage soil, and the difference was extremely significant; the soil available P content in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers was significantly higher than that in clear tillage; 0~ Soil available K content in 10cm and 10~20cm soil layers was 30.89% and 27.13% higher than that in clear tillage soils, respectively, and the difference was significant; corresponding soil soil N content was slightly higher than that of clear tillage treatments, but the difference was significant. Not obvious.
The apple orchard mulching can significantly increase soil N, hydrolysis N, total P, quick-acting P, total K, available K and organic matter content. Studies have shown that grass cover in orchards can increase soil fertility and increase soil nutrient and organic matter content. The change in surface soil is the most obvious. Soil nutrients and organic matter content decrease in turn with the decline of soil layers. The results of this study are basically consistent with previous research results. .
There are two treatments for grass cover and clear tillage in apple orchards (control with clear tillage). Covering material is soybean straw and rice straw. It is covered every year in mid-April and covered with a thickness of 10 cm. It has been continuously covered for 4 years. In September 2012, soil was taken from 3 different soil layers (10cm, 20cm, 30cm, and 40cm) on the different soil layers (50cm from the tree trunk) and mixed with grass. The quaternary method was used to sample fresh soil through a 100-mesh plastic sieve for the determination of soil microbial biomass. The soil samples were air-dried, ground-ground and sieved for use (for soil physicochemical properties and nutrient composition determination). A part of the dried soil samples were passed through a 20-mesh plastic sieve for the determination of quick-acting N, quick-acting P, quick-acting K, and organic matter content; the remaining air-dried soil samples were passed through a 100-mesh plastic sieve for the determination of total N, total P, and total K contents. Soil organic matter content was measured by a soil tester. The total N, total P, and total K contents of the soil under the grass-covering and clear-tillage treatments decreased as soil depth increased. The contents of total N, total P, and total K in all the deep soil layers covered by grass are higher than that of clear tillage.
The contents of soil N, available P, and quick-acting K in the soil treated with grass mulching and ploughing decreased with increasing soil depth. The content of soil organic matter in the 30-40 cm soil covered with grass was slightly higher than that in the 20-30 cm soil layer. The content of soil organic matter in soil layers decreased with the deepening of soil layers. The contents of soil organic matter, hydrolyzed N, available P, and available K in the grass layer were higher than those in the clear tillage treatment. The content of soil organic matter in 10-20 cm soil layer was higher by 127.52% than that in clear tillage soil, and the difference was extremely significant; the soil available P content in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers was significantly higher than that in clear tillage; 0~ Soil available K content in 10cm and 10~20cm soil layers was 30.89% and 27.13% higher than that in clear tillage soils, respectively, and the difference was significant; corresponding soil soil N content was slightly higher than that of clear tillage treatments, but the difference was significant. Not obvious.
The apple orchard mulching can significantly increase soil N, hydrolysis N, total P, quick-acting P, total K, available K and organic matter content. Studies have shown that grass cover in orchards can increase soil fertility and increase soil nutrient and organic matter content. The change in surface soil is the most obvious. Soil nutrients and organic matter content decrease in turn with the decline of soil layers. The results of this study are basically consistent with previous research results. .
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