According to reports, in a new study, researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Medicine in Germany, the Children's Hospital of Heidelberg University, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne and the University Hospital of Lausanne have developed a new type of biosensor that can take advantage of it. A drop of blood accurately quantifies the concentration of the metabolite. The accuracy and simplicity of this approach may make it a tool of choice for diagnosing and monitoring multiple diseases. The results of the study were published in the September 14th, 2018 issue of Science, entitled "Semisynthetic sensor proteins enable metabolic assays at the point of care." The author of the paper is Professor Kai Johnsson of the Max Planck Institute of Medicine.
It is understood that diseases or injuries can cause significant changes in the levels of metabolites in the blood, where metabolites are compounds produced by the body's metabolism. For example, increased levels of phenylalanine in the blood are a typical feature of the genetic disease phenylketonuria (PKU). Blood phenylalanine levels in infants with PKU need to be controlled by diet to avoid irreversible brain damage. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to regularly monitor the level of phenylalanine in the blood.
However, this type of monitoring currently requires blood samples to be sent to the laboratory, and the results can take several days to reach the patient. This delay often complicates the management of the disease by PKU patients and their doctors. If the blood concentration of a disease-related metabolite (POCT) can be tested immediately (ideally by the patient himself), treatment for multiple diseases may be improved.
To solve this problem, these researchers developed a method to measure the concentration of metabolites in a small number of blood samples in a matter of minutes. This method has been validated in patients at the Heidelberg University Children's Hospital and the University Hospital of Lausanne.
In fact, this method is very simple. In the case of phenylalanine, a drop of blood is taken from the patient by a painless finger puncture. A portion of the blood sample is then added to the reaction buffer and added to the strip containing the biosensor. When phenylalanine is consumed and NADPH is produced, the light emitted by this biosensor exhibits a color change from blue to red – this change can be detected by a daily digital camera or smartphone. This color change is then used to calculate the phenylalanine concentration.
The entire process of this method takes only 10 to 15 minutes, enabling immediate testing (POCT) and requiring only 0.5 μl of blood.
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